Genesis 28 — Hebrew and Greek compared
↠Genesis 27 compared · Reading text of Genesis 28 · Genesis: all chapters · Genesis 29 compared →
Same 8 Similar 7 Different 6 Divergent 1 Disparate 0
Each verse is rendered independently from the Hebrew (Rabbinic reading tradition) and from the Greek (Saints reading tradition). The badge classifies the relationship between the two readings; the note beneath records the source document’s comparison and attributed interpretation. Each column retains its own verse references where numbering differs.
Jacob Sent to Laban
28:1 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
28:1 Then Isaac called Jacob and blessed him, and charged him, saying, “You shall not take a wife from the daughters of the Canaanites.â€
Greek · Saints priority
28:1 Then Isaac called Jacob and blessed him, and charged him, saying, “You shall not take a wife from the daughters of the Canaanites.â€
The corresponding meaning and content agree.
28:2 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
28:2 “Arise, go to Paddan-aram, to the house of Bethuel, your mother’s father, and take a wife there from the daughters of Laban, your mother’s brother.â€
Greek · Saints priority
28:2 “Arise, flee to Mesopotamia, to the house of Bethuel, your mother’s father, and take a wife there from the daughters of Laban, your mother’s brother.â€
Hebrew says go to Paddan-aram; Greek says flee to Mesopotamia. Rahlfs–Hanhart does not add of Syria here, although that qualification appears in 28:6–7. [G28]
28:3 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
28:3 “May El Shaddai bless you, make you fruitful, and multiply you, so you become an assembly of peoples.â€
Greek · Saints priority
28:3 “May my God bless you, increase you, and multiply you, so you become assemblies of nations.â€
El Shaddai/my God and assembly/assemblies differ. Assemblies is plural in the consulted Greek [G28]. This does not by itself identify a later institution.
28:4 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
28:4 “And may He give the blessing of Abraham to you and to your seed with you, so that you may inherit the land of your sojourning, which God gave to Abraham.â€
Greek · Saints priority
28:4 “And may He give the blessing of Abraham my father to you and to your seed after you, so that you may inherit the land of your sojourning, which God gave to Abraham.â€
Greek calls Abraham my father in Isaac’s speech, not your father, and has after you where Hebrew has with you. The possessive is corrected to Rahlfs–Hanhart. [G28]
28:5 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
28:5 So Isaac sent Jacob away, and he went into Paddan-aram, to Laban the son of Bethuel the Aramean, the brother of Rebekah, the mother of Jacob and Esau.
Greek · Saints priority
28:5 So Isaac sent Jacob away, and he went into Mesopotamia, to Laban the son of Bethuel the Syrian, the brother of Rebekah, the mother of Jacob and Esau.
The regional name is Paddan-aram in Hebrew and Mesopotamia in Greek.
28:6 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
28:6 Now Esau saw that Isaac had blessed Jacob and sent him away into Paddan-aram to take a wife for himself from there, and that as he blessed him, he gave him a charge, saying, “You shall not take a wife from the daughters of the Canaanites,â€
Greek · Saints priority
28:6 Esau saw that Isaac had blessed Jacob and that Jacob had gone to Mesopotamia of Syria to take a wife. In blessing him, Isaac had commanded, “You shall not take a wife from the daughters of Canaan.â€
The regional name is Paddan-aram in Hebrew and Mesopotamia in Greek.
28:7 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
28:7 And Jacob obeyed his father and his mother and went into Paddan-aram.
Greek · Saints priority
28:7 And Jacob obeyed his father and his mother and went into Mesopotamia of Syria.
Paddan-aram and Mesopotamia of Syria are corresponding regional designations. The full Greek designation is retained. [G28]
28:8 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
28:8 Esau saw that the daughters of Canaan displeased Isaac his father.
Greek · Saints priority
28:8 Esau saw that the daughters of Canaan displeased Isaac his father.
The corresponding meaning and content agree.
28:9 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
28:9 and Esau went to Ishmael and took Mahalath, the daughter of Ishmael, Abraham’s son, the sister of Nebaioth, to be his wife, in addition to the wives he already had.
Greek · Saints priority
28:9 and Esau went to Ishmael and took Mahalath, the daughter of Ishmael, Abraham’s son, the sister of Nebaioth, to be his wife, in addition to the wives he already had.
The corresponding meaning and content agree.
Jacob’s Stairway to Heaven
28:10 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
28:10 Now Jacob went out from Beersheba and journeyed toward Haran.
Greek · Saints priority
28:10 Now Jacob went out from the Well of the Oath and journeyed toward Haran.
The Hebrew proper name corresponds to the Greek descriptive well name.
28:11 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
28:11 And he came to a certain place and stayed the night there, for the sun had set; and he took one of the stones of the place and put it under his head, and lay down to sleep in that place.
Greek · Saints priority
28:11 And he came to a certain place and stayed the night there, for the sun had set; and he took one of the stones of the place and put it under his head, and lay down to sleep in that place.
A stone is taken from the local stones; verse 18 explicitly refers back to the stone. The plural source phrase does not require multiple pillows.
28:12 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
28:12 And he dreamed, and behold, a stairway was set up on the earth, and its top reached into heaven; and behold, the angels of God were ascending and descending upon it!
Greek · Saints priority
28:12 And he dreamed, and behold, a stairway was set up on the earth, and its top reached into heaven; and behold, the angels of God were ascending and descending upon it!
Ladder and stairway are possible English descriptions of the ascent structure. Saints: John 1:51 alludes to the ascending and descending angels, applying the image to the Son of Man [S28].
28:13 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
28:13 YHWH stood above it and said, “I am YHWH, the God of Abraham your father and the God of Isaac. The land on which you lie I will give to you and your seed.â€
Greek · Saints priority
28:13 And the Lord stood firm upon it and said, “I am the Lord, the God of Abraham your father, and the God of Isaac; fear not. The land on which you lie I will give to you and to your seed.â€
Greek includes fear not. Rahlfs–Hanhart also includes Lord in the self-identification, corresponding to Hebrew YHWH; the former claim of an omission is withdrawn. Hebrew above it can also be understood beside or over him; that spatial ambiguity remains open. [G28]
28:14 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
28:14 “Your seed shall be like the dust of the earth. You shall spread westward, eastward, northward, and southward, and all the families of the earth shall be blessed in you and your seed.â€
Greek · Saints priority
28:14 “Your seed shall be like the sand of the earth. It shall spread toward the sea, the south, the north, and the east, and all the tribes of the earth shall be blessed in you and your seed.â€
Hebrew has dust of the earth; Rahlfs–Hanhart has sand of the earth, correcting the draft’s sand of the sea. The directional sequence also differs: sea denotes west. [G28]
28:15 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
28:15 “I am with you and will guard you wherever you go. I will bring you back to this land, for I will not leave you until I have done what I have spoken to you.â€
Greek · Saints priority
28:15 “I am with you, guarding you on every road you travel. I will bring you back to this land, for I will never abandon you until I have done all that I have spoken to you.â€
The protection and return promise agrees; until does not itself state that God abandons Jacob afterward.
28:16 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
28:16 Then Jacob awoke from his sleep and said, “Surely YHWH is in this place, and I did not know it!â€
Greek · Saints priority
28:16 Then Jacob awoke from his sleep and said, “Surely the Lord is in this place, and I did not know it!â€
The corresponding meaning and content agree.
28:17 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
28:17 And he was afraid and said, “How fearful is this place! This is none other than the house of God, and this is the gate of heaven.â€
Greek · Saints priority
28:17 And he was afraid and said, “How fearful is this place! This is none other than the house of God, and this is the gate of heaven.â€
The corresponding meaning and content agree.
28:18 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
28:18 So Jacob arose early in the morning, and took the stone that he had put under his head, and set it up as a pillar, and poured oil on the top of it.
Greek · Saints priority
28:18 So Jacob arose early in the morning, and took the stone that he had put under his head, and set it up as a pillar, and poured oil on the top of it.
The corresponding meaning and content agree.
28:19 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
28:19 He named that place Bethel; previously the city had been called Luz.
Greek · Saints priority
28:19 Jacob named that place House of God; previously the city had been called Oulamlous.
Bethel and House of God correspond, while Hebrew Luz and Greek Oulamlous differ in form. Rahlfs–Hanhart’s Oulamlous replaces the draft’s Oulammaus; the Greek name is not silently harmonized to Luz. [G28]
28:20 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
28:20 Then Jacob vowed a vow, saying, “If God will be with me, and guard me on this way in which I go, and give me bread to eat and clothing to put on,â€
Greek · Saints priority
28:20 Then Jacob vowed a vow, saying, “If the Lord God will be with me, and guard me on this way in which I go, and give me bread to eat and clothing to put on,â€
Hebrew has God; Greek has Lord God. The unnecessary English article before God in the Hebrew column is removed. [G28]
28:21 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
28:21 “and I return in peace to my father’s house, then YHWH shall be my God.â€
Greek · Saints priority
28:21 “and He brings me back safely to my father’s house, then the Lord shall be my God.â€
Hebrew describes Jacob’s return; Greek explicitly makes God its agent. Where the vow’s condition ends remains an interpretive question.
28:22 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
28:22 “And this stone, which I have set up as a pillar, shall be the house of God; and of all that You give me, I will surely tithe a tenth to You.â€
Greek · Saints priority
28:22 “And this stone, which I have set up as a pillar, shall be to me the house of God; and of all that You give me, I will surely tithe a tenth to You.â€
Greek explicitly includes for me. The tithe vow agrees.
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Saints Translation · Companion comparison edition · working draft awaiting specialist review.