Leviticus 22 — Hebrew and Greek compared
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Same 8 Similar 10 Different 8 Divergent 5 Disparate 2
Disparate in this chapter: 22:22, 22:23
Each verse is rendered independently from the Hebrew (Rabbinic reading tradition) and from the Greek (Saints reading tradition). The badge classifies the relationship between the two readings; the note beneath records the source document’s comparison and attributed interpretation. Each column retains its own verse references where numbering differs.
Priestly purity and access to holy food · 22:1–9
22:1 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
22:1 YHWH spoke to Moses, saying:
Greek · Saints priority
22:1 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying:
The speech formula corresponds.
22:2 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
22:2 Speak to Aaron and his sons, that they keep apart from the holy things of the sons of Israel, which they consecrate to Me, and not profane My holy name. I am YHWH.
Greek · Saints priority
22:2 Tell Aaron and his sons to exercise care concerning the holy things of the sons of Israel, which they consecrate to Me, and not profane My holy name. I am the Lord.
Hebrew emphasizes separation; Greek expresses caution or keeping away. The following verses define the impurity restriction.
22:3 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
22:3 Say to them: Throughout your generations, any man among all your offspring who approaches the holy things that the sons of Israel consecrate to YHWH while his uncleanness is upon him—that person shall be cut off from before Me. I am YHWH.
Greek · Saints priority
22:3 Say to them: Throughout your generations, any man among all your offspring who approaches the holy things that the sons of Israel consecrate to the Lord while his uncleanness is upon him—that person shall be destroyed from Me. I am the Lord your God.
Greek adds your God. The sanction is expressed as destruction rather than cutting off.
22:4 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
22:4 Any man among Aaron’s offspring who has leprosy or a discharge shall not eat the holy things until he becomes clean. Nor shall one who touches anything unclean through a dead person, or a man from whom an emission of semen goes out,
Greek · Saints priority
22:4 Any man among the offspring of Aaron the priest who has leprosy or a seminal discharge shall not eat the holy things until he is cleansed. Nor shall one who touches any uncleanness of a person, or a man from whom an emission of semen goes out,
Greek adds the priest and specifies a seminal discharge. Hebrew’s corpse-related impurity is less explicit in the Greek wording about a person.
22:5 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
22:5 or a man who touches any swarming creature through which he becomes unclean, or a human being through whom he becomes unclean, whatever that uncleanness may be.
Greek · Saints priority
22:5 or anyone who touches any unclean creeping creature that defiles him, or a human being who defiles him through any uncleanness of his.
Greek expressly calls the creature unclean; the contact rule corresponds.
22:6 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
22:6 A person who touches any such thing shall be unclean until evening. He shall not eat the holy things unless he has washed his flesh with water.
Greek · Saints priority
22:6 A person who touches these things shall be unclean until evening. He shall not eat the holy things unless he has washed his body with water.
The waiting period and washing requirement agree.
22:7 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
22:7 When the sun sets, he shall be clean; afterward he may eat the holy things, for they are his bread.
Greek · Saints priority
22:7 When the sun sets, he shall be clean; afterward he may eat the holy things, for they are his bread.
Both link renewed access to sunset and cleansing.
22:8 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
22:8 He shall not eat an animal found dead or torn by beasts, becoming unclean through it. I am YHWH.
Greek · Saints priority
22:8 He shall not eat an animal found dead or torn by beasts, becoming unclean through them. I am the Lord.
The carcass restriction corresponds. Here and in 7:24 and 17:15, “animal found dead†idiomatically renders the category of an unslaughtered carcass (Hebrew × ×‘×œ×”; Greek θνησιμαῖον). It does not add a separate finding event or specify a natural cause of death. The animal torn by beasts remains a distinct stated category.
22:9 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
22:9 They shall keep My charge, so that they do not bear sin because of it and die through it by profaning it. I am YHWH who sanctifies them.
Greek · Saints priority
22:9 They shall keep My requirements, so that they do not incur sin through them and die through them if they profane them. I am the Lord God who sanctifies them.
Greek adds God and pluralizes the charge and its pronouns. Both warn of death through profanation.
Household eligibility and restitution · 22:10–16
22:10 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
22:10 No outsider shall eat a holy thing. A priest’s lodger or hired worker shall not eat a holy thing.
Greek · Saints priority
22:10 No outsider shall eat holy things. A priest’s lodger or hired worker shall not eat holy things.
Outsider here concerns membership in the priestly household, not a blanket ethnic prohibition.
22:11 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
22:11 But if a priest buys a person with his own silver, that person may eat of it; those born in his house may also eat his bread.
Greek · Saints priority
22:11 But if a priest acquires a person purchased with silver, that person may eat of his bread; those born in his house may also eat his bread.
Both include purchased enslaved persons and household-born persons in the priestly food provision.
22:12 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
22:12 If a priest’s daughter marries an outsider, she shall not eat the contribution of the holy things.
Greek · Saints priority
22:12 If a priest’s daughter marries an outsider, she shall not eat the first portions of the holy things.
Hebrew contribution is Greek first portions; both exclude the daughter while married outside the priestly household.
22:13 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
22:13 If a priest’s daughter becomes a widow or is divorced, has no offspring, and returns to her father’s house as in her youth, she may eat her father’s bread. But no outsider shall eat of it.
Greek · Saints priority
22:13 If a priest’s daughter becomes a widow or is expelled, and has no offspring, she shall return to her father’s house as in her youth and may eat her father’s bread. But no outsider shall eat of it.
The return is embedded in the Hebrew conditions and stated prospectively in Greek. The eligibility conditions correspond.
22:14 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
22:14 If a man eats a holy thing unintentionally, he shall add a fifth to it and give the holy thing to the priest.
Greek · Saints priority
22:14 If a man eats holy things in ignorance, he shall add a fifth to it and give the holy thing to the priest.
Unintentional action is expressed as ignorance; the additional fifth agrees.
22:15 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
22:15 They shall not profane the holy things of the sons of Israel that they lift up to YHWH,
Greek · Saints priority
22:15 They shall not profane the holy things of the sons of Israel that they set aside for the Lord,
Lift up and set aside describe the contribution differently.
22:16 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
22:16 and so make them bear the guilt of an offense by eating their holy things, for I am YHWH who sanctifies them.
Greek · Saints priority
22:16 and so bring upon themselves the lawlessness of an offense by eating their holy things, for I am the Lord who sanctifies them.
Greek expressly says upon themselves where Hebrew has make them bear. The Hebrew pronouns allow interpretive discussion about those responsible and those implicated.
Acceptable animals · 22:17–25
22:17 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
22:17 YHWH spoke to Moses, saying:
Greek · Saints priority
22:17 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying:
The speech formula corresponds.
22:18 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
22:18 Speak to Aaron, his sons, and all the sons of Israel, and say to them: Any man of the house of Israel or of the resident foreigners in Israel who presents his offering, for any of their vows or any of their freewill offerings that they present to YHWH as a burnt offering,
Greek · Saints priority
22:18 Speak to Aaron, his sons, and the whole congregation of Israel, and say to them: Any man of the sons of Israel or of the sons of the resident foreigners attached to them in Israel who presents his gifts, for any of their pledges or any of their voluntary choices that they present to God as a whole burnt offering,
Greek has sons of resident foreigners, congregation, gifts, and God; Hebrew has resident foreigners, sons of Israel, offering, and YHWH. Both introduce vowed and voluntary offerings.
22:19 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
22:19 for your acceptance it shall be a male without blemish, from the cattle, the sheep, or the goats.
Greek · Saints priority
22:19 to be acceptable for you, they shall be males without blemish, from the cattle, the sheep, or the goats.
Singular Hebrew and plural Greek state the same requirement.
22:20 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
22:20 You shall not present anything with a blemish, for it will not be accepted for you.
Greek · Saints priority
22:20 They shall not bring anything with a blemish to the Lord, for it will not be acceptable for you.
Greek adds to the Lord and changes you to they; the rejection agrees.
22:21 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
22:21 If a man presents a sacrifice of well-being to YHWH to fulfill a special vow or as a freewill offering, from the cattle or the flock, it shall be unblemished to be accepted; there shall be no blemish in it.
Greek · Saints priority
22:21 If a man presents a sacrifice of deliverance to the Lord, specifying a vow by voluntary choice or at your festivals, from the cattle or the sheep, it shall be unblemished to be accepted; there shall be no blemish in it.
Greek introduces your festivals and restructures the vow/freewill alternatives. Both require an unblemished animal.
22:22 Disparate
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
22:22 You shall not present to YHWH an animal that is blind, broken, mutilated, has a wart, a scab, or a skin eruption. You shall not place any of these on the altar as an offering by fire to YHWH.
Greek · Saints priority
22:22 They shall not bring to the Lord an animal that is blind, crushed, has its tongue cut, has warts, a severe scab, or skin eruptions. You shall not place any of these on the altar as an offering to the Lord.
Greek specifies a cut tongue where Hebrew has a broader mutilation term. These are different descriptions of disqualifying injury; several skin terms remain uncertain.
22:23 Disparate
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
22:23 An ox or a sheep with an overgrown or stunted member you may make a freewill offering, but it will not be accepted for a vow.
Greek · Saints priority
22:23 A calf or a sheep with a cut-off ear or a shortened tail you may slaughter for yourself, but it will not be accepted for your vow.
Hebrew permits a freewill offering; Greek permits slaughter for oneself. This changes the stated sacrificial permission. The bodily defects also differ: general disproportion versus ear and tail injuries.
22:24 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
22:24 You shall not present to YHWH an animal whose testicles are bruised, crushed, torn away, or cut off; neither shall you do this in your land.
Greek · Saints priority
22:24 You shall not bring to the Lord an animal castrated by crushing, squeezed out, cut out, or torn away; neither shall you do this in your land.
Both prohibit castration-related defects, but their sequence and descriptions do not align exactly.
22:25 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
22:25 You shall not present any of these as the bread of your God from the hand of a foreigner, for their damage is in them; they have a blemish. They will not be accepted for you.
Greek · Saints priority
22:25 You shall not present any of these as the gifts of your God from the hand of a foreigner, for there are corruptions in them; they have a blemish. These will not be accepted for you.
Bread becomes gifts; the same defect restriction applies to foreign-supplied animals.
The offering’s timing and the sanctified name · 22:26–33
22:26 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
22:26 YHWH spoke to Moses, saying:
Greek · Saints priority
22:26 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying:
The speech formula corresponds.
22:27 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
22:27 When an ox, sheep, or goat is born, it shall remain under its mother for seven days. From the eighth day onward it may be accepted as an offering by fire to YHWH.
Greek · Saints priority
22:27 When a calf, sheep, or goat is born, it shall remain under its mother for seven days. On the eighth day and afterward it may be accepted among the gifts, as an offering to the Lord.
Both set the same minimum age for acceptance.
22:28 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
22:28 You shall not slaughter an ox or a sheep together with its young on the same day.
Greek · Saints priority
22:28 You shall not slaughter a cow or a sheep, her and her young, on one day.
Greek explicitly uses feminine pronouns and plural young; Hebrew has grammatically masculine it and its son. This does not by itself establish that Hebrew requires a male parent.
22:29 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
22:29 When you sacrifice a thanksgiving sacrifice to YHWH, sacrifice it so that you may be accepted.
Greek · Saints priority
22:29 If you sacrifice a sacrifice, a vow of rejoicing, to the Lord, sacrifice it so that you may be accepted.
Hebrew thanksgiving is Greek a vow of rejoicing. The acceptance requirement agrees.
22:30 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
22:30 It shall be eaten that same day. You shall leave none of it until morning. I am YHWH.
Greek · Saints priority
22:30 It shall be eaten that same day. You shall leave none of the meat until morning. I am the Lord.
Greek specifies meat; the consumption deadline is identical.
22:31 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
22:31 Keep My commandments and do them. I am YHWH.
Greek · Saints priority
22:31 Keep My commandments and do them.
Greek lacks I am YHWH at the end of this verse.
22:32 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
22:32 You shall not profane My holy name, and I will be sanctified among the sons of Israel. I am YHWH who sanctifies you,
Greek · Saints priority
22:32 You shall not profane the name of the Holy One, and I will be sanctified among the sons of Israel. I am the Lord who sanctifies you,
Hebrew My holy name becomes Greek the name of the Holy One. The referent remains God in context.
22:33 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
22:33 who brought you out of the land of Egypt to be your God. I am YHWH.
Greek · Saints priority
22:33 who brought you out of the land of Egypt to be your God. I am the Lord.
The exodus and covenant formula correspond.
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Saints Translation · Companion comparison edition · working draft awaiting specialist review.