Leviticus 5 — Hebrew and Greek compared
↠Leviticus 4 compared · Reading text of Leviticus 5 · Leviticus: all chapters · Leviticus 6 compared →
Same 1 Similar 8 Different 4 Divergent 4 Disparate 2
Disparate in this chapter: 5:2, 5:15
Each verse is rendered independently from the Hebrew (Rabbinic reading tradition) and from the Greek (Saints reading tradition). The badge classifies the relationship between the two readings; the note beneath records the source document’s comparison and attributed interpretation. Each column retains its own verse references where numbering differs.
Cases requiring confession · 5:1–6
5:1 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
5:1 If anyone sins by hearing a public adjuration while he is a witness, having seen or known the matter, and does not report it, he shall bear his guilt.
Greek · Saints priority
5:1 If anyone sins and hears a solemn adjuration, and he is a witness, having seen or known the matter, if he does not report it, he shall bear the sin.
Both require the witness to report what he knows.
5:2 Disparate
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
5:2 Or if anyone touches any unclean thing, whether the carcass of an unclean wild animal, the carcass of unclean livestock, or the carcass of an unclean creeping thing, and it is hidden from him, he is unclean and incurs guilt.
Greek · Saints priority
5:2 Or if anyone touches any unclean thing, whether something that died, something unclean torn by wild animals, one of the dead things, one of the unclean abominations, or a carcass of unclean livestock,
Greek changes the listed categories and lacks this verse’s concluding declaration of hidden impurity and guilt. Its sentence continues into 5:3; the location of the awareness condition differs materially.
5:3 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
5:3 or if he touches human uncleanness, any uncleanness by which he becomes unclean, and it is hidden from him, then he comes to know it and incurs guilt;
Greek · Saints priority
5:3 or touches human uncleanness, any uncleanness by touching which he becomes defiled, and it escapes him, but afterward he knows it and incurs an offense;
Both connect unnoticed contact with subsequent awareness.
5:4 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
5:4 or if anyone swears rashly with his lips to do evil or to do good, whatever a person rashly utters in an oath, and it is hidden from him, then he comes to know it and incurs guilt in any one of these matters—
Greek · Saints priority
5:4 or if anyone swears, making a declaration with his lips to do evil or to do good, whatever a person declares with an oath, and it escapes his notice, and he knows it and sins in any one of these matters—
Hebrew emphasizes rash utterance; Greek emphasizes the declaration made with the lips.
5:5 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
5:5 when he incurs guilt in any one of these matters, he shall confess the sin he has committed in it.
Greek · Saints priority
5:5 he shall confess the sin concerning the matters in which he has sinned.
Greek lacks Hebrew’s repeated introductory guilt condition.
5:6 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
5:6 He shall bring to YHWH his reparation for the sin he has committed: a female from the flock, a sheep or a female goat, as a sin offering. The priest shall make atonement for him for his sin.
Greek · Saints priority
5:6 He shall bring to the Lord, for the offense and sin he has committed, a female from the flock, a ewe lamb or a female kid from the goats, for sin. The priest shall make propitiation for him for the sin he has committed, and his sin shall be forgiven him.
Greek includes an explicit forgiveness assurance absent from this Hebrew verse. Hebrew calls the presentation his asham, although the animal is offered as a hattat.
Provision for limited means · 5:7–13
5:7 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
5:7 If he cannot afford a sheep, he shall bring to YHWH as his reparation for the sin he has committed two turtledoves or two young pigeons, one for a sin offering and one for a burnt offering.
Greek · Saints priority
5:7 If his hand cannot provide enough for a sheep, he shall bring to the Lord for the sin he has committed two turtledoves or two young pigeons, one for sin and one for a whole burnt offering.
Both provide the bird alternative according to means; Greek retains the hand idiom.
5:8 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
5:8 He shall bring them to the priest, who shall present the one for the sin offering first. He shall pinch its head at the back of its neck without severing it.
Greek · Saints priority
5:8 He shall bring them to the priest, and the priest shall present the one for sin first. The priest shall pinch its head at the neck joint without dividing it.
Greek expressly repeats the priest as agent and names the neck joint.
5:9 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
5:9 He shall sprinkle some of the sin offering’s blood against the side of the altar, and the remaining blood shall be drained out at the base of the altar. It is a sin offering.
Greek · Saints priority
5:9 He shall sprinkle some of the blood of the offering for sin against the wall of the altar, and he shall drain out the remaining blood at the base of the altar, for it is for sin.
Both distinguish wall sprinkling from draining at the base; contrast the location difference at 1:15.
5:10 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
5:10 He shall prepare the second as a burnt offering according to the rule. The priest shall make atonement for him for the sin he has committed, and he shall be forgiven.
Greek · Saints priority
5:10 He shall prepare the second as a whole burnt offering, as is fitting. The priest shall make propitiation for the sin he has committed, and he shall be forgiven.
The two-offering sequence and forgiveness correspond.
5:11 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
5:11 If he cannot afford two turtledoves or two young pigeons, he shall bring as his offering for the sin he has committed a tenth of an ephah of fine flour for a sin offering. He shall put no oil on it and place no frankincense on it, for it is a sin offering.
Greek · Saints priority
5:11 If his hand cannot obtain a pair of turtledoves or two young pigeons, he shall bring as his gift for his sin a tenth of an oiphi of fine flour for sin. He shall pour no oil on it and place no frankincense on it, for it is for sin.
Oiphi represents the Hebrew ephah; this is a unit-name correspondence, not evidence of different quantities.
Saints reception — thematic comparison. Hebrews qualifies its account of blood purification with “almost.†The flour provision here should therefore remain visible; it must not be rewritten as an animal sacrifice. Hebrews 9:22
5:12 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
5:12 He shall bring it to the priest. The priest shall take a full handful from it as its memorial portion and burn it on the altar, upon YHWH’s offerings by fire. It is a sin offering.
Greek · Saints priority
5:12 He shall bring it to the priest. The priest shall grasp a full handful from it and place its memorial portion on the altar of whole burnt offerings to the Lord. It is a sin offering.
Hebrew burns the portion upon fire offerings; Greek places it on the altar of whole burnt offerings.
5:13 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
5:13 The priest shall make atonement for him for the sin he has committed in any one of these matters, and he shall be forgiven. It shall belong to the priest, like the grain offering.
Greek · Saints priority
5:13 The priest shall make propitiation for him for the sin he has committed in any one of these matters, and he shall be forgiven. What remains shall belong to the priest, like the sacrifice of fine flour.
Greek expressly identifies the priest’s portion as the remainder and specifies fine flour.
Sacred property and uncertain guilt · 5:14–19
5:14 Same
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
5:14 YHWH spoke to Moses, saying:
Greek · Saints priority
5:14 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying:
The speech formula corresponds.
5:15 Disparate
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
5:15 If anyone acts unfaithfully and sins unintentionally concerning YHWH’s holy things, he shall bring to YHWH as his guilt offering an unblemished ram from the flock, valued by your assessment in silver shekels according to the sanctuary shekel, for a guilt offering.
Greek · Saints priority
5:15 If anyone is overtaken by forgetfulness and sins unintentionally concerning the Lord’s holy things, he shall bring to the Lord for his offense an unblemished ram from the flock, valued in silver shekels according to the sanctuary shekel, for the offense he has committed.
Hebrew frames the act as breach of trust; Greek as forgetfulness. Both retain inadvertence, but the characterization of responsibility differs substantially. Greek lacks “your assessment.â€
5:16 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
5:16 He shall repay what he has wrongfully taken from the holy thing, add a fifth to it, and give it to the priest. The priest shall make atonement for him with the ram of the guilt offering, and he shall be forgiven.
Greek · Saints priority
5:16 He shall repay what he has sinned against among the holy things, add a fifth to it, and give it to the priest. The priest shall make propitiation for him with the ram of the offense offering, and he shall be forgiven.
Restitution, the additional fifth, and forgiveness correspond.
5:17 Similar
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
5:17 If anyone sins and does any one of YHWH’s commandments concerning things that must not be done, though he did not know it, he incurs guilt and shall bear his iniquity.
Greek · Saints priority
5:17 If anyone sins and does any one of the Lord’s commandments concerning things that must not be done, and did not know it, he incurs an offense and shall bear the sin.
Lack of awareness does not remove responsibility in either text.
5:18 Different
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
5:18 He shall bring to the priest an unblemished ram from the flock, according to your assessment, as a guilt offering. The priest shall make atonement for him for the error he committed unknowingly, and he shall be forgiven.
Greek · Saints priority
5:18 He shall bring to the priest an unblemished ram from the flock, valued in silver, for an offense offering. The priest shall make propitiation for him for his ignorance, in which he acted ignorantly without knowing, and he shall be forgiven.
Hebrew refers to the addressee’s valuation; Greek specifies a silver value. Greek repeats ignorance language.
5:19 Divergent
Hebrew · Rabbinic priority
5:19 It is a guilt offering; he has indeed incurred guilt before YHWH.
Greek · Saints priority
5:19 For he has indeed committed an offense before the Lord.
Greek lacks the separate identification “It is a guilt offering,†retaining the emphatic offense statement.
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Saints Translation · Companion comparison edition · working draft awaiting specialist review.